Monday, November 06, 2006
Metaphyseal Fractures
This seems to be another diagnostic of child abuse. The real question is how valid it is as a diagnostic. There is no question that it has been used. The Webster Family is one family with many children taken off them because of "metaphyseal fractures".
Of all the injuries observed in child physical abuse, none is more specific than the metaphyseal fracture. First described in 1957 by the eminent pediatric radiologist John Caffey, metaphyseal fracture is virtually pathognomonic of abuse. Kleinman et al coined the term "classic metaphyseal lesion" (CML) to describe the injury. CMLs are relatively common in abused infants and are discovered in 39%-50% of abused children less than 18 months of age. Overall, CMLs most often occur in the distal femur, proximal tibia, distal tibia, and proximal humerus. They are seen almost exclusively in children less than 2 years of age.
pathognomic, pathognomonic
a. a. aiding diagnosis; distinctive
News Item re Websters (Hardinghams)
The expert added that the number and nature of the metaphyseal fractures suggested “that all the child's limbs were forcibly twisted on one or more occasion with enough force to cause the fractures”. posted by John Hemming ¶ 11:30 am
Of all the injuries observed in child physical abuse, none is more specific than the metaphyseal fracture. First described in 1957 by the eminent pediatric radiologist John Caffey, metaphyseal fracture is virtually pathognomonic of abuse. Kleinman et al coined the term "classic metaphyseal lesion" (CML) to describe the injury. CMLs are relatively common in abused infants and are discovered in 39%-50% of abused children less than 18 months of age. Overall, CMLs most often occur in the distal femur, proximal tibia, distal tibia, and proximal humerus. They are seen almost exclusively in children less than 2 years of age.
pathognomic, pathognomonic
a. a. aiding diagnosis; distinctive
News Item re Websters (Hardinghams)
The expert added that the number and nature of the metaphyseal fractures suggested “that all the child's limbs were forcibly twisted on one or more occasion with enough force to cause the fractures”. posted by John Hemming ¶ 11:30 am
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Maybe it is time the scientists on dna, gene knowledge! need to be consulted, as usually the 3rd generation things can be apparent and sometimes skip a generation. ref. to take a look at are.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/sosteacher/biology/43870.shtml
You have inherited half your genes from each of your parents, so you will show some characteristics of each of them. You may also get some hidden recessive genes from both of them, and show an apparently new characteristic.
Finally, sometimes the mechanisms of genetics go wrong, and a totally new gene or gene combination appears by accident. This is called mutation, and it usually leads to problems. Down’s syndrome is caused by mutation.
In Mendel’s famous experiments with peas, he crossed (interbred) tall and short pea plants. You might expect that he’d have got medium-sized plants in the next generation (F1 generation), but instead he found that they were all tall. So, there was no blending together.
Mendel then bred these F1 plants, and in the following generation he found some short plants again, but still no medium-sized ones. So, this showed that the gene for short had been carried through the F1 generation without being in any way changed or blended.
also
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/human_genome/749026.stm
Modern genetics may be promising to revolutionise medicine, and even change what it means to be human, but the origins of the science stem from a humble origin - peas.
In the 1860s, the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel pioneered the study of inheritance. He cultivated nearly 30,000 pea plants, carefully analysing seed and plant characteristics.
By following certain traits through the generations, he realised that some traits appeared to be dominant while others would be recessive and fail to show when certain pea plants where crossed.
Mendel's work was extraordinary, but it was many decades before his research received the recognition it deserved.
There's an answer out there somewhere just the ss do not do the research they should, as they will say they not got the money to it, but that is no excuse to not investigate all avenues and end up seperate a family due to neglecting their duties.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/sosteacher/biology/43870.shtml
You have inherited half your genes from each of your parents, so you will show some characteristics of each of them. You may also get some hidden recessive genes from both of them, and show an apparently new characteristic.
Finally, sometimes the mechanisms of genetics go wrong, and a totally new gene or gene combination appears by accident. This is called mutation, and it usually leads to problems. Down’s syndrome is caused by mutation.
In Mendel’s famous experiments with peas, he crossed (interbred) tall and short pea plants. You might expect that he’d have got medium-sized plants in the next generation (F1 generation), but instead he found that they were all tall. So, there was no blending together.
Mendel then bred these F1 plants, and in the following generation he found some short plants again, but still no medium-sized ones. So, this showed that the gene for short had been carried through the F1 generation without being in any way changed or blended.
also
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/human_genome/749026.stm
Modern genetics may be promising to revolutionise medicine, and even change what it means to be human, but the origins of the science stem from a humble origin - peas.
In the 1860s, the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel pioneered the study of inheritance. He cultivated nearly 30,000 pea plants, carefully analysing seed and plant characteristics.
By following certain traits through the generations, he realised that some traits appeared to be dominant while others would be recessive and fail to show when certain pea plants where crossed.
Mendel's work was extraordinary, but it was many decades before his research received the recognition it deserved.
There's an answer out there somewhere just the ss do not do the research they should, as they will say they not got the money to it, but that is no excuse to not investigate all avenues and end up seperate a family due to neglecting their duties.
The webster case concluded that the CMLs were caused by a shortage of vitamin C as a result of prescribed diet deficiencies from feeding the baby on Soya Milk without supplements.
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